Experiments with sea water for schoolchildren. Educational experiments with water for curious children. In search of fresh water

02.03.2024

Irina Chebotareva

Unconventional experimentation activity (experiments with water).

Authors: Chebotareva I. N.; Grishchenko L.V.

Experimental activities in the preparatory group

My students and I conducted a lesson on experimental activities (experiments with water)

Experiences help us gain a deeper and more conscious understanding of the world around us. Children become familiar with using them in everyday activities. Preschoolers acquire ideas about the states of water in which it occurs in nature.

To arouse interest in classes, it is necessary to present information in an interesting, educational form.

Form of study:

unconventional experimentation activity (experiments with water)

Target:

improve children's understanding of water, compliance with safety rules (protecting the life and health of children).

Program content:

To promote the accumulation in children of specific ideas about the properties, forms and types of water;

Develop speech, thinking, curiosity;

Foster an environmental culture;

Develop the ability to draw conclusions and conclusions;

Cultivate accuracy in work.

Equipment:

transparent plastic cups, containers of various shapes, flour, salt, sugar, ascorbic acid, milk, picture, paints, brush, cotton wool, handkerchief, funnel, vegetable oil, pipette, herbal infusion, orange oil, napkins, audio recording “Water”, Cocktail straws, a jug of water.

Methods and techniques:

Organizing time

Multimedia presentation

Artistic word

Gaming techniques

Algorithms for compiling a model of activity stages

Experiences and experiments as a method of increasing cognitive activity.

Organization of children:

Children sit freely around the table for experiments and research in the laboratory.

Progress of the lesson

Part I: Introductory

A recording of the murmur of water sounds. The teacher reads a poem

Have you heard about water?

They say she's everywhere!

In a puddle, in the sea, in the ocean

And in the water tap,

Multimedia presentation “What is water?”

Educator: Guys, what is water for, who needs water? (children's answers). Do you want to know more about water? (children's answers). Then come to our laboratory.

Experiments to consolidate knowledge about the properties and qualities of water

What shape is water?

There is a cube and a ball on the table. The teacher asks what shape these objects are (children's answers). Does water have a form? To do this, take a narrow jar and fill it with water. Pour this water into a wide jar. The form that water takes changes all the time.

Security question: “How to hide water in your pocket?” (Pour into a bottle, cap, etc.)

Conclusion: water has no shape and takes the shape of the vessel in which it is located. Water is a liquid. Remember the puddles after the rain. On the road they spread, collect in holes, and are absorbed into the ground without being visible, only the ground is wet. So water has no form. The teacher shows the children an algorithm that symbolizes that water has no shape, it takes the shape of the container into which it is poured.

What color is the water?

Ask the children the question: “Determine what color the water is?” If the children answer that it is white, invite them to look at the clean water poured into a glass and the water in another glass, painted white with watercolor paint.

Let's take two glasses - one with water and the other with milk. Let's take a picture and put it behind a glass of water. Can we see the picture? (children's answers) Now let's put the picture behind a glass of milk. What did we find? Conclusion: the pattern is visible through water, but not through milk. This means water is a transparent liquid. Clear water can be made opaque. To do this, wet the brush and dip it into the paint. Add paint little by little, observing how the transparency of the water changes. We look through it at the picture. The drawing is not visible. And so, we conclude that water is a colorless, transparent liquid, using an algorithm that symbolizes this property of water. And we post it on the board.

Water is a solvent.

Does water have a taste? Children test the waters and voice their opinions. Then invite one child to stir sugar in water, another - salt, and a third - ascorbic acid. After the substances have dissolved, offer to taste the water again. What changed? The water has a taste. The water became sweet, salty, and sour. Conclusion: water does not have its own taste. What happened to the substances we put in the water? (children's answers) Now let's try to dissolve flour and sunflower oil in water. Two children complete this task.

Game training:

Calm music sounds, invite the children to “charge” the water with their good thoughts. Each child conducts a conversation with water in a glass and says pleasant words. Then you are asked to thank the water and drink it.

The teacher invites the children to return to the table to continue their water research. Draws the children's attention to the glass where the flour was dissolved. What do we see? (children's answers) The flour did not dissolve completely, and the sediment sank to the bottom of the glass. Also, the oil does not dissolve; it floats on the surface. Conclusion: not all substances can dissolve in water. Invite the children to determine whether the water has a smell. (Children's answers)

Then offer to stir the herbal infusion and orange drops into the water. And again offer to smell the water. The water has a smell. When various substances dissolve in water, they change their color, taste, and smell. Again we use algorithms symbolizing that water has no taste or smell, hanging them on the board.

Water is a magician

(stencil “Flower”)

Game: “Water is...”

Objective: To develop the thinking of preschoolers, to activate their experience and knowledge, to teach them to consider the same object from different points of view.

Progress of the game: The presenter invites the children to determine what role water plays in the life of animals, plants, people, etc.

Let's give an example: “For plants, water is...”

“For people, water is…” answer options.

Assignment: "Economists"

Children are offered a study on the topic “How water is used at home” (tips for parents on saving water)

Lesson summary:

Using algorithms, we reproduce information about the sequence of experimental processes in the study of the form, properties and types of water.

Dear teachers! The use of experiments, experiments and other forms in preschool educational institutions is an effective form of work in developing an environmental culture.

Publications on the topic:

Summary of an integrated lesson on experimentation in the middle group “Fun Experiments” SUMMARY OF AN INTEGRATED LESSON on familiarization with the environment for children of the middle group “Palms” “Fun experiences for kids!” teacher

Summary of educational activities for familiarization with the outside world using ICT “Experiments with water” Topic: Experiments with water Purpose: to clarify and expand children’s knowledge about the properties of water. Objectives: - educational (to consolidate some properties with children.

Summary of OD in the middle group “Visiting Kapitoshka. Experiments with water" Educational areas: cognitive development, speech development. Goal: to develop cognitive activity in the process of familiarization with.

Notes on experimenting with water in the middle group Notes on experimenting with water in the middle group Integration of areas: cognitive development, social - communicative, artistic.

Very simple safe experiments for children with water at home to study the properties of water (surface tension).

Experiments with water

Experiments and experiments are a very exciting and useful activity that allows children to learn more about the world in which we live, its laws, and in this case, about the properties of water.

Already in middle preschool age, a child knows that pure water is liquid (but it is not always liquid, because ice and steam are other states of water), transparent, colorless, and tasteless. - This is also a form of water. But this is not all of its properties; all the properties of water are still unknown even to scientists.

Water is one of the most amazing substances on our planet; without it, neither humans, nor animals, nor plants can live (more details about why water is necessary for plants and how they are nourished with it are in the article).

Experiments with water: surface tension of water

The big advantage of the experiments in this article is that they can be performed at home, in kindergarten, and at school. To carry them out, you only need water and what you usually have in the house. In addition to the available materials, they are so simple that children of preschool age and schoolchildren can handle it completely independently.

As a result, children will learn about such a property of water as surface tension, i.e. the ability of water to form a very thin film on the surface. Moreover, children will see this film with their own eyes.

Experiment (experience) with water and a coin

How many drops of water do you think can fit on a regular coin? This experiment will show that the surface of water can stretch.

What you will need:

water, saucer, coin, pipette (or bottle with medicine dispenser)

Progress of the experiment:

Place the coin on the saucer and the saucer on a very flat surface. That is, if the saucer stands on a table that is even slightly tilted to one side, the experiment will end much earlier than it could and will be less spectacular.
Fill the pipette with water (instead of a pipette, my daughter and I took an empty bottle of cold drops, squeezed it tightly so that some of the air came out, placed it under running water from the tap and unclenched it - water began to fill into it).
Drop water into the center of the coin from a very close distance, count the number of drops and see what shape the surface of the water on the coin takes.

Result

The water on the coin will not be located in an even thin layer, as it may seem before the experiment. The surface of the water will stretch and become more convex with each new drop until the thin film that the surface of the water forms breaks. And then almost all the water from the coin will flow into the saucer.

In my photographs you can see that our saucer is not level, it is tilted to the right - from there the water will begin to flow out very soon.

My daughter and I did this experiment several times. The largest number of drops that could stay on a coin was 24. Let's look for a more even surface!

Experiment (experience) with water and a paper clip

In a previous experiment, we were convinced that the surface of water is like a thin film that can stretch. This time we will be able to take a closer look at this film and see that it can not only hold water inside, but also prevent relatively heavy objects from sinking and bending under their weight.

What you will need:

water, glass, metal clip (it must be dry)

Progress of the experiment:

Pour water into a glass.
Take a paperclip and, holding it horizontally, bring it as close as possible to the surface of the water and release.
If the paper clip sinks, repeat the experiment, only place the paper clip on a small piece of paper napkin, and then lower it to the surface of the water together with the napkin. After some time, the napkin will get wet and sink to the bottom.

Result

The paperclip will float and you will be able to see how the surface of the water bends under its weight.

Repeat this experiment using water with detergent dissolved in it (about half a teaspoon of dishwashing liquid, liquid soap or shampoo per half glass of water).

You will learn from the following experiment what happened to the surface tension of water when a detergent was added to it.

Experiment (experience) with water and confetti

This experiment looks like magic, but it actually has a scientific explanation. From touching the “magic wand” to the water and the command “Move aside!” all confetti floating in the water will immediately float to the edges of the saucer. You can use a piece of soap rather than a stick, or drop detergent into the center of the saucer - the confetti will scatter to the sides, as if they don’t like soap.

What you will need:

water, saucer, hole punch, detergent (liquid soap, shampoo or dishwashing liquid), skewer (you can use a toothpick or match instead)

Progress of the experiment:

Pour water into a saucer.
Use a hole punch to make confetti out of paper (or experiment with small foam balls).
Pour confetti into the center of the saucer.
If desired, the skewer can be turned into a magic wand if you beautifully paint it with acrylic paints, or wrap it with a thin strip.
Dip the very tip of the magic wand, or rather, skewer, into the detergent and touch it to the surface of the water in the center of the saucer.

Result

After touching the skewer, the confetti will immediately obediently move to the edges of the saucer. This is due to the fact that detergents are surfactants, they collect on the surface of the water and reduce its surface tension. A soap film forms on the water, it spreads, pushing the confetti to the edges.

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Colored rain - an experiment with water, paint and foam...

Starting from about 4-5 years old, young children actively ask questions regarding the structure of our planet, living and inanimate nature, and even at 7 years old this thirst for knowledge does not recede. It is vital for a growing child to explore the world around him and experience all the possibilities of this environment.

Water is the most abundant substance on Earth. Experiments with water for children aged four, five, six or seven will mark the beginning of a fascinating acquaintance with elementary “everyday” physics.

During the experiments, children will receive all the necessary knowledge about the physical properties and laws of the world around them.

Children really like doing experiments with parents.

The main thing that is required is the interest of the child (and the parent), as well as a good mood.

Why water?

Experiments with water, better than other manipulations, will form a child’s basic understanding of living and inanimate nature. There are clear advantages:

Conducting experiments does not take much effort and does not require complex skills.
No special expensive equipment is needed. For experiments, improvised means are suitable.
All experiments are visual and easy for a child to understand.
Manipulating water, observing its “transformation” and obtaining the finished result will captivate the child, amuse him and pleasantly surprise him.
In all experiments, only water and non-toxic substances and materials are used. Thus, the experiment is completely safe.

Experiments with water require knowledge of safety precautions

Explain safety rules to children under 7 years of age.

Advice to parents: before conducting any experiments with water, it is advisable to tell your child about the physical properties of this liquid. Explain the three states of matter – solid, liquid and gas.

Experiments for children 4-5 years old

The fifth year of a child’s life is suitable to begin learning about physics.

At this age, children have great interest, but it disappears quite quickly, and the child’s perseverance evaporates with every second. The experiments below are adapted specifically for children 4-5 years old.

Shape of water

“Does water have shape?” - ask your child this question before moving on to the experiment. It is unlikely that a 4-year-old child will be able to give an answer. To find out the truth, invite the little experimenter to take a glass of water and pour the liquid one by one into various vessels: a cup, a bottle, a rubber glove. Soft vessels (like a glove or a plastic bag) can be tied in a knot and deformed in every possible way. As the shape of the bag changes, the “shape” of the water will also change.

Experience about the shape of water - different containers are needed

Thus, the child will clearly become familiar with one of the most important properties of water (and all liquids in general) - to take the shape of the vessel into which it is poured.

Temperature contrast

“Is it possible to determine the temperature of water by touch?”

For the experiment, you will need three bowls (children's hands should fit comfortably in them).

Pour hot water into the first bowl (watch the temperature: it should be comfortable for the child). In the second bowl - water at room temperature. The third one is cold.
Next, have your child put one hand in a bowl of hot water and the other in a bowl of cold water. After a minute has passed, let your baby place both hands at the same time in a container of water at room temperature.
Ask the “experimental” about his feelings and ask the same question: “Warm water or cool?”
Hands in the same bowl will feel different temperatures, which will mislead the child. At the age of 5, the young scientist will be able to independently evaluate his feelings, so the experience will be understandable to every child.

Experience with contrasting temperatures in drawings

Lotus flowers

Cut out lotus flowers with long petals from paper. Using a pencil or scissors, curl the petals straight toward the center.

Pour water into a wide basin, then lower the flowers onto its surface. The “Lotus” will bloom right before your eyes, which will certainly surprise the child. This can be explained by the fact that when the paper gets wet, it becomes heavier, and the heavy leaves themselves pull down.

Advice to parents: don’t do everything yourself – involve your children in the creative process!

Let them cut out the flowers themselves and release them onto the surface of the water. Involve your child as much as possible in the course of each experience - only then will what is happening interest and captivate the baby.

The ice is melting

Children at 5 years old perceive most information visually, so bring more vividness to the experience. Before freezing, pour colored water into the mold (just dissolve a little gouache or watercolor in it). Place four different colored ice cubes in different conditions:

1 – in the shade;
2 – in the sun;
3 – sprinkle with salt;
4 – put in a bag and wrap in a towel.

As time passes (half an hour to an hour), observe with your child where the ice melted faster.

Experiments with ice are always very interesting

A similar experiment can be offered to six-year-old children, in which case a “scientific conversation” would be appropriate. Ask your child’s opinion: why ice melts faster in some conditions and remains almost intact in others. Tell us about the amazing property of salt to dissolve ice. Explain to the little scientist what processes happened with ice in the sun, in the shade and in a towel.

Experiments for children 6 years old

For 6-year-old children, the previous experiments may seem simple, although they can also be carried out for general development. A child at this age is characterized by a love for more interesting and complex things that require more participation and time.

Plant color

This water experiment is designed to demonstrate the natural process of plant nutrition.

To do this, take two or three half-liter jars (or glasses) and fill them with water. Together with your child, dissolve a packet of food coloring in the liquid - the water will become bright and rich. Carefully place white fresh cabbage leaves into each jar.

Dyeing plants in colored water

After a while, the leaves will take on the color of the solution in which they were located. This experiment is a clear example of how a plant obtains moisture (and minerals dissolved in it) from the soil under natural conditions.

Using this example, explain to the children that the most important property of water in nature is to give life to all living organisms.

Cloud in a jar

“Is it possible to create your own cloud?”

Certainly! To do this, fill a three-liter jar so that the liquid level in it is 3-4 cm. Instead of a lid, cover the jar with a saucer (it should fit tightly to the neck). Place a few pieces of ice on a saucer (the more, the better).

Experience “Cloud and rain in a jar”

After some time, a cloud forms in the jar!

The process is not difficult to explain. Hot water evaporates, warm steam rises and accumulates near the saucer - a small cloud is obtained. In contact with a cold surface, steam forms condensation on the walls. Soon the number of water droplets on the walls of the container will increase. Under their own weight, they will begin to roll down - it will turn out to be impromptu rain.

This experiment will be an opportunity for children to create their own rain cloud, as well as learn about the nature of cloud formation.

Interesting fact about water and humans - prepare a few of these facts

Tip for parents: When you get the result, ask your child a few questions. Ask why and how these processes occur. If the young scientist does not answer, explain to him what’s what. Comment on any result, and then the training will bear fruit.

Freezing

Another experiment demonstrating the interesting effect of the interaction of water and salt.

Pour water into two glasses. In the first, let the liquid be clean, boiled and without impurities. Add salt to the second glass of water, stir it well until completely dissolved.
Next, place the glasses in the freezer for three hours.
After the time has passed, invite your child to take out and compare the samples. Clean water will freeze, but salted water will not. Discuss the results.

Children as young as 7 will also enjoy such experiences.

Experiments for children 7 years old

Experiments for children aged 7 years are no different from the previous ones, but they explain those laws of physics that children of 5 or 6 years old cannot understand. Perhaps, at the age of seven, your child will already be able to independently draw some conclusions from experiments. In this case, the young expert should be praised!

Optics

During the next experiment, water will become a kind of magnifying glass!

Take a three-liter jar, fill about half with water. Dip an object with a clearly fixed shape into the liquid (it is best to take an egg). Place the same item next to the jar. Let the child compare.

Optical experiments with water are very diverse

Of course, the little experimenter will immediately ask the question: “Why is the egg in the jar larger than the one on the table?”

Advice to parents: at this stage, tell your child about the ability of water to refract rays - remember your school physics course!

Demonstrate the same property from the other side, for example, put a pencil in a glass of water. It will no longer be a straight line - direct evidence of refraction.

Density of water

The demonstration can be carried out using equipment from a previous experiment. You need a jar of water, an egg and table salt.

The experiment on the density of water can be performed with an egg or potato.

Pour in a little more water - about two-thirds of the container. Place the egg there, it will sink to the bottom of the jar. Next, ask your child to add a few tablespoons of salt to the water. As salt is added to the liquid, the egg will begin to float to the top.

This is where parents should tell their child about what the density of water is and how it can change. For children 7 years old this information will be very interesting.

Already at 5-7 years old, children feel a thirst for knowledge. It is important for them to know how natural processes occur.

A 7-year-old child (as well as younger children) is attracted to all the manipulations that can be done with water.

All of the above experiments for children will help your child understand the world around him and have a fascinating acquaintance with the properties of the most common liquid on Earth.

Olga Guzhova

Experiments for children preparatory group in kindergarten

In the preparatory group, conducting experiments should become the norm; they should be considered not as entertainment, but as a way of familiarization children with the surrounding world and the most effective way to develop thought processes. Experiments allow you to combine all types of activities and all aspects of education, develop observation and inquisitiveness of the mind, develop the desire to understand the world, all cognitive abilities, the ability to invent, use non-standard solutions in difficult situations, and create a creative personality.

Some important tips:

1. Conduct experiments are better in the morning when the child is full of strength and energy;

2. It is important for us not only to teach, but also interest the child, make him want to gain knowledge and create new ones himself experiments.

3. Explain to your child that you cannot taste unknown substances, no matter how beautiful and appetizing they look;

4. Don't just show it to your child. interesting experience, but also explain in a language accessible to him why this is happening;

5. Do not ignore your child’s questions - look for answers to them in books, reference books, Internet;

6. Where there is no danger, give the child more independence;

7. Invite your child to show his favorites experiments for friends;

8. And most importantly: Rejoice at your child’s successes, praise him and encourage his desire to learn. Only positive emotions can instill a love for new knowledge.

Experience No. 1. "Vanishing Chalk"

For spectacular experience We will need a small piece of chalk. Dip chalk into a glass of vinegar and see what happens. The chalk in the glass will begin to hiss, bubble, decrease in size and soon disappear completely.

Chalk is limestone; when it comes into contact with acetic acid, it turns into other substances, one of which is carbon dioxide, which is rapidly released in the form of bubbles.

Experience No. 2. "Erupting Volcano"

Necessary equipment:

Volcano:

Make a cone from plasticine (you can take plasticine that has already been used once)

Soda, 2 tbsp. spoons

Lava:

1. Vinegar 1/3 cup

2. Red paint, drop

3. A drop of liquid detergent to make the volcano foam better;

Experience No. 3. "Lava - lamp"

Needed: Salt, water, a glass of vegetable oil, several food colors, a large transparent glass.

Experience: Fill the glass 2/3 with water, pour vegetable oil into the water. Oil will float on the surface. Add food coloring to water and oil. Then slowly add 1 teaspoon of salt.

Explanation: Oil is lighter than water, so it floats on the surface, but salt is heavier than oil, so when you add salt to a glass, the oil and salt begin to sink to the bottom. As the salt breaks down, it releases oil particles and they rise to the surface. Food coloring will help make experience more visual and entertaining.

Experience No. 4. "Rain Clouds"

Kids will love this simple activity that explains to them how it rains. (schematically, of course): Water first accumulates in the clouds and then spills onto the ground. This " experience" can be done in a science lesson, in a kindergarten, in an older group, and at home with children of all ages - it enchants everyone, and children ask to repeat it again and again. So, stock up on shaving foam.

Fill the jar with water about 2/3 full. Squeeze the foam directly on top of the water until it looks like a cumulus cloud. Now pipette onto the foam (or better yet, entrust this to a child) colored water. And now all that remains is to watch how the colored water passes through the cloud and continues its journey to the bottom of the jar.

Experience No. 5. "Red Head Chemistry"

Place finely chopped cabbage in a glass and pour boiling water over it for 5 minutes. Strain the cabbage infusion through a cloth.

Pour cold water into the other three glasses. Add a little vinegar to one glass, a little soda to the other. Add the cabbage solution to a glass of vinegar - the water will turn red, add to a glass of soda - the water will turn blue. Add the solution to a glass of clean water - the water will remain dark blue.

Experience No. 6. "Blow up the balloon"

Pour water into a bottle and dissolve a teaspoon of baking soda in it.

2. In a separate glass, mix lemon juice with vinegar and pour into a bottle.

3. Quickly place the ball onto the neck of the bottle, securing it with electrical tape. The ball will inflate. Baking soda and lemon juice mixed with vinegar react to release carbon dioxide, which inflates the balloon.

Experience No. 7. "Colored milk"

Needed: Whole milk, food coloring, liquid detergent, cotton swabs, plate.

Experience: Pour milk into a plate, add a few drops of different food colors. Then you need to take a cotton swab, dip it in the detergent and touch the swab to the very center of the plate with milk. The milk will begin to move and the colors will begin to mix.

Explanation: The detergent reacts with the fat molecules in the milk and causes them to move. That's why for experience Skim milk is not suitable.

For the development of a child, it is necessary to use all possible means, including experiments for children, which trained parents can conduct at home. This type of activity is very interesting for preschoolers, it helps them learn a lot about the world around them and take direct part in the research process. The main rule that mothers and fathers should adhere to is the absence of coercion: classes should be conducted only when the child himself is ready for experiments.

Physical

Such scientific experiments will interest an inquisitive little one and help him gain new knowledge:

about the properties of liquid;
about atmospheric pressure;
about the interaction of molecules.

In addition, under clear parental guidance, he will be able to repeat everything without difficulty.

Bottle filling

You should prepare your equipment in advance. You will need hot water, a glass bottle and a bowl of cold water (for clarity, the liquid should be pre-tinted).

The procedure is as follows:

It is necessary to pour hot water into the bottle several times so that the container warms up properly.
Pour out the hot liquid completely.
Turn the bottle upside down and place it in a bowl of cold water.
You will see that water from the bowl will begin to flow into the bottle.

Why is this happening? Due to the effect of the hot liquid, the bottle was filled with warm air. As the gas cools, it contracts, causing the volume it occupies to decrease, forming a low-pressure environment in the bottle. As water flows in, it restores balance. This experiment with water can be done at home without any problems.

With a glass

Every child, even at 3-4 years old, knows that if you turn over a glass filled with water, the liquid will spill out. However, there is an interesting experience that can prove the opposite.

Procedure:

Pour water into a glass.
Cover it with a piece of cardboard.
Holding the sheet with your hand, carefully turn the structure over.
You can remove your hand.

Surprisingly, the water will not spill out - the molecules of the cardboard and the liquid will mix at the moment of contact. Therefore, the sheet will hold on, becoming a kind of lid. You can also tell the child about atmospheric pressure, that it exists both inside the glass and outside, while in the container it is lower, outside it is higher. Due to this difference, water does not spill out.

A similar experiment is best carried out over a basin, since gradually the paper material will get wet and the liquid will drip.

Developmental experiments

There are a lot of really interesting experiments for kids.

Eruption

This experience is rightfully considered one of the most exciting and therefore loved by children. To carry it out you will need:

soda;
red paint;
citric acid or lemon juice;
water;
a little detergent.

First, you should build the “volcano” itself by making a cone out of thick paper, fastening it along the edges with tape and cutting a hole on top. Then the resulting blank is put on any bottle. To resemble a volcano, it should be covered with brown plasticine and placed on a large baking sheet so that the “lava” does not spoil the surface of the table.

Procedure:

Pour soda into the bottle.
Add paint.
Add a drop of detergent (1 drop).
Pour water and mix well.

For the “eruption” to begin, you need to ask the child to add a little citric acid (or lemon juice). This is the simplest example of a chemical reaction.

Dancing worms

This simple, fun experiment can be done with both preschoolers and elementary school students. Necessary equipment:

corn starch;
water;
baking tray;
paints (food coloring);
music column.

First you need to mix 2 cups of starch and a glass of water. Pour the resulting substance onto a baking sheet, add paint or dye.

All that remains is to turn on loud music and place the baking sheet on the speaker. The colors on the workpiece will be mixed in a chaotic manner, creating a beautiful, unusual spectacle.

We use food

To make an experiment that is unusual, interesting for your child and educational, it is not at all necessary to purchase complex equipment and expensive materials. We invite you to get acquainted with very simple options available for execution at home.

With egg

Necessary equipment:

glass of water (tall);
egg;
salt;
water.

The idea is simple - an egg immersed in water will sink to the bottom. If you add table salt (about 6 tablespoons) to the liquid, it will rise to the surface. This physical experience with salt helps illustrate the concept of density to your child. So, salted water has more water, so the egg can float on the surface.

You can also show the opposite effect (which is why it was recommended to take a tall glass) - when you add plain tap water to a salted liquid, the density will decrease and the egg will sink to the bottom.

Invisible ink

A very interesting and simple trick, which at first will seem like real magic to the baby, and after the parents explain it, it will help to learn about oxidation.

Necessary equipment:

½ lemon;
water;
spoon and plate;
paper;
lamp;
cotton swab.

If lemon is not available, you can use analogues, such as milk, onion juice or wine.

Procedure:

Squeeze the citrus juice, add it to a plate, mix with an equal amount of water.
Dip the tampon into the resulting liquid.
Use it to write something the child can understand (or draw).
Wait until the juice dries, becoming completely invisible.
Heat the sheet (using a lamp or holding it over a fire).

Text or a simple drawing will become visible due to the fact that the juice has oxidized and turned brown when the temperature rises.

Color explosion

The little ones can enjoy a fun experiment with milk and paints, which can be carried out without any problems in the kitchen.

Required products and equipment:

milk (preferably high fat content);
food coloring (several colors - the more, the more interesting and brighter it will be);
dishwashing liquid;
plate;
cotton buds;
pipette.

If dishwashing liquid is not available, liquid soap can be used.

Procedure:

Pour milk into a plate. It should completely hide the bottom.
Let the liquid sit for a while until it reaches room temperature.
Using a pipette, carefully drop several different food colors into the bowl of milk.
By lightly touching the liquid with a cotton swab, you need to show the baby what is happening.
Next, take a second stick and dip it in detergent. It touches the surface of the milk and holds for 10 seconds. There is no need to mix colorful stains, a gentle touch is enough.

Next, the baby will be able to observe the most beautiful thing - the colors begin to “dance”, as if trying to escape from the soap stick. Even if you remove it now, the “explosion” will continue. At this stage, you can invite the child to participate himself - add dye, immerse a soapy stick in the liquid.

The secret of the experiment is simple - the detergent destroys the fat contained in the milk, which causes the “dance”.

With sugar

For children 3-4 years old, various experiments with food will be very interesting. The child will be happy to learn about new qualities of his usual food.

For this entertaining activity you will need:

10 tbsp. l. Sahara;
water;
food colors of several colors;
two spoons (tea, tablespoon);
syringe;
5 glasses.

First you need to add sugar to the glasses according to this scheme:

in the first glass - 1 tbsp. l.;
in the second - 2 tbsp. l.;
in the third - 3 tbsp. l.;
in the fourth - 4 tbsp. l.

Add 3 tsp to each of them. water. Mix. Then you need to add a dye of your own color to each of the glasses and mix again. The next step is to carefully take the colored liquid from the fourth glass using a syringe or a teaspoon and pour it into the fifth, which was empty. Then colored water is added in the same order from the third, second and finally from the first glasses.

If you act carefully, the colored liquids will not mix, but, when layered on top of each other, they will help create a bright, unusual pyramid. The secret of the trick is that the density of water changes depending on the amount of sugar added to it.

With flour

Let's consider another interesting experience for children, simple and safe. It can be carried out both in kindergarten and at home.

Necessary equipment:

flour;
salt;
paints (gouache);
brush;
sheet of cardboard.

Procedure:

In a small glass you need to mix 1 tbsp. l. flour and salt. This is a blank from which we will later make paint of the same color. Accordingly, the number of such blanks is equal to the number of flowers.
Add 3 tbsp to each glass. l. water and gouache.
Using paint, ask your child to draw a picture on cardboard using a brush or cotton swab, one for each color.
Place the finished creation in the microwave (power 600 W) for 5 minutes.

The paints, which are a dough, will rise and harden, making the drawing three-dimensional.

Lava lamp

Another unusual children's experiment allows you to create a real lava lamp. After watching just once, even a novice researcher will be able to repeat the experiment with his own hands, without the help of adults.

Required equipment and materials:

vegetable oil (glass);
salt (1 tsp);
water;
food coloring (several shades);
glass jar.

Procedure:

Fill the jar 2/3 full with water.
Add vegetable oil, which at this stage forms a thick film on the surface.
Add food coloring.
Slowly add salt.

Under the weight of the salt, the oil will begin to sink to the bottom, and the dye will make the spectacle more colorful and impressive.

With soda

An experiment with soda is perfect for demonstrating to a preschool child:

Pour the drink into a glass.
Drop a few peas or cherry pits into it.
Watch how they gradually rise from the bottom and fall again.

An amazing sight for a child who does not yet know that the peas are surrounded by bubbles of carbon dioxide, which brings them to the surface. Submarines operate on a similar principle.

With water

There are several educational optical experiments that, despite their simplicity, are very interesting.

The missing ruble

Water is poured into a jar and an iron ruble is dropped into it. Now you need to ask the baby to find the coin by looking through the glass. Due to the optical phenomenon of refraction, the eye will not be able to see the ruble if it is directed from the side. If you look into the jar from above, the coin will be in place.

curved spoon

Let's continue exploring optics with a preschooler. This easy but visual experiment is carried out like this: you need to pour water into a glass and dip a spoon into it. Ask your baby to look from the side. He will see that at the boundary of the media - water and air - the spoon appears curved. By taking out the spoon, you can make sure that everything is okay with it.

The child should be explained that a ray of light bends when passing through water, which is why we see a changed image. You can continue the water theme and lower the same spoon into a small jar. Curvature will not occur since the walls of this container are smooth.

This biological experiment will help the child get acquainted with the world of living nature and observe how a sprout is formed. Beans or peas are needed for this.

Parents can invite the young botanist to independently moisten a piece of gauze folded several times with water, place it on a saucer, place peas or beans on the cloth and cover with damp gauze. The baby’s task is to carefully ensure that the seeds are moistened at all times and check them regularly. In a couple of days the first shoots will appear.

Photosynthesis process

This plant and candle activity is best for younger students who know that trees and grass absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen.

The gist is this:

Carefully place burning candles into two jars.
Place a living plant in one of them.
Cover both containers with a lid.

Observe that the candle in the jar with the plant continues to burn because oxygen is present in it. In the second bank it goes out almost immediately.

Entertaining

We catch electricity. This small and safe experiment can be done with kids.

One inflated balloon is placed on the wall, several others lie on the floor.
The mother invites the child to place all the balls on the wall. However, they will not hold on and will fall.
The mother asks the baby to rub the ball on his hair and try again. Now the ball has been attached.

After this, you need to tell that the “miracle” happened thanks to the electricity that was generated when the ball was rubbed on the hair.

Another option for the curious is an experiment with foil. It goes like this:

A small piece of foil needs to be cut into strips.
Ask your little one to comb her hair.
Now you need to lean the comb against the strip and observe. The foil will stick to the comb.

You can also demonstrate “The Lost Chalk” to children. To do this, a piece of ordinary chalk is placed in vinegar. The limestone will begin to hiss and decrease in size. After some time it will completely dissolve. This is due to the fact that chalk, when in contact with vinegar, turns into other substances.

Experiments with preschool children are an excellent opportunity to develop their curiosity and answer many questions in a visual and understandable form. In addition, by offering children a variety of experiments, attentive parents will help them outline their own range of interests at an early age. And doing the research itself will be a great and fun pastime.