Legends and myths about wine. Legends about wine There are, of course, many interesting legends that tell about the history of the appearance of wine.
Program content:
Clarify and expand children's knowledge about grapes and viticulture.
To acquaint children with the legend of grapes from L. Zgurovskaya's book "August in the Crimea". Learn to understand the figurative meaning of the legend.
Dictionary: grapes, vineyard, grower, vine, tasting.
Strengthen the ability to draw with your fingers.
Develop curiosity, small muscles of the hands.
Raise interest in the nature of the native land.
Equipment:
Clusters of grapes of different varieties, grape juice, raisins.
Toothpicks or skewers for pricking raisins.
Pictures with the image of a grapevine.
grape shoots
Vine
Vineyard
Fruits of different grape varieties
Lesson progress:
Guys, let's try to make a trip to the distant, distant past, when people had not yet appeared on earth. There was a strong earthquake and the earth rose from the sea waters. This is how our Crimea appeared. Wind and birds brought seeds of various plants to the Crimean land. Among them are grapes. But the grapes are wild, with small, black and sour berries. Birds and animals willingly feasted on wild grapes. But here come the people. Gradually they learned a lot: build houses, grow plants. And then they turned their attention to wild grapes. They began to choose bigger and sweeter. Over time, cultivated grapes were brought out of wild grapes. Until now, scientists are developing new varieties of grapes: there are seedless grapes, with round, with oval berries, and many, many other varieties.
Now think about it and tell me, who is a vinedresser? This is a man who grows grapes. A piece of land on which grapes grow is called a "vineyard".
Our Crimean land is very suitable for growing grapes. If you have to drive around our peninsula, you will see many vineyards.
There are many different varieties of grapes. Today we have three varieties: Muscat, Isabella and Rkatsiteli. And now you can try them. When tasted, in order to determine the taste or smell, this is called tasting. Now we will have a tasting of different grape varieties. Wash your hands and start tasting.
Grape tasting
After the tasting, you can ask the children which grape variety they liked the most.
You have noticed that grapes come in different colors. What color are the grapes that you tasted today? Pink, yellow-green, almost black. Berries that have grown together, side by side, are called grape brush or bunch.
And where did the grape brushes of different colors come from is told in an old legend. We have already read legends, and we know that this is a fairy tale about something that actually exists.
The legend of grapes
“Vine appeared on Earth a very, very long time ago. His mother was the Earth, his father was the Sun. At the time of the birth of grapes, its bunches were poured (ripened) not for a month or two, as now, but quickly - in the morning until dusk (evening), and those that had time to ripen by dawn borrowed its gentle blush from the morning dawn and became pink. The clusters that ripened during the day turned golden yellow - they adopted the gold of its rays from the brightly shining sun in the sky. Berries ripened late in the evening, the southern night gave its dark or velvety blue tones.
Now the grapes ripen for several months: the first ripens in the middle of summer, and the harvest of the last, late grapes is harvested in the middle of autumn. But the earth and the sun are still the parents of grapes. Without the sun, neither a grain nor a berry can ripen. The earth gives nourishment to the roots of the vine. But the stem and branches of the grape bush are called the "vine". Repeat this word and try to remember. The vine is flexible, long and thin. So that it does not break from the weight of grape brushes, growers tie the vine to the post.
Birds, insects, animals love grapes no less than humans. Bees, wasps, ants love to eat grapes. Hamsters hide grape berries by the cheek in their underground pantry. And sparrows, rooks, crows peck sweet berries straight from the vine.
Let's play the outdoor game "Birds and Grapes".
Dynamic poise "Birds and grapes"
Children depicting birds run ("fly"). The leader ("watchman") at the command "The watchman is coming" begins to catch the "bird" children.
At all times people valued grapes. In the old days, when wars raged on our peninsula, the victors dug up and took away vines to their homes.
After all, grapes give not only delicious berries. Juice and wine are made from grapes. Also a delicious treat. Here it is. (Show raisins). Do you know what it is? Raisins are dried grapes. For raisins choose seedless grapes. Let's have a raisin and grape juice tasting.
Tasting of raisins and juice
It turns out that grapes can still cure some diseases. And it also cleanses the human body, gives it strength and health.
Let's draw a bunch of grapes. But first, let's prepare the fingers for work. That's what we're going to draw with.
Finger gymnastics "Grapes"
The index finger is the most inquisitive.
Can press buttons, can pick holes.
And depends on the owner how to use the craftsman.
We will train the finger - he will draw grapes.
Children squeeze their right hand into a fist, stretch out their index finger, press it on the palm of their left hand and make rotational movements in one direction and the other. Then the same is done with the left hand.
Drawing "Bunch of grapes"
Children draw grapes with their fingers on a piece of paper with a painted leaf, tendril and twig. The teacher draws the attention of the children that it is possible to achieve different sizes of berries by changing the force of finger pressure. You can invite the children to choose the color of their grapes. Pay attention to the shape of the thunderstorm: there are more berries on top, the lower, the fewer berries.
Questions:
1. What is the difference between cultivated grapes and wild grapes?
2. Who are the growers?
3. What is the name of the trunk of a grape bush?
4. What color are grape berries?
5. Retell the legend about grapes.
6. What is made from grapes?
7. What is called a raisin?
8. Who but man loves grapes?
The ability to drink is not given to everyone.
Drinking is an art.
He is not smart who drinks wine
Without thought and without feeling.
Wine carries both poison and honey.
Both slavery and freedom.
He does not know the price of guilt
Who drinks it like water...
Greek legend
The Greek attribution attributes the discovery of the vine to a shepherd named Estaphylos. He discovered the loss of one of the sheep and went in search of her. After wandering for a long time to no avail, he finally discovered a sheep - she was passionate about eating leaves from the vine of an unfamiliar plant. Gathering some of the fruits with which the vine was strewn, he took them to his master Oinos. He squeezed out the juice of their fruits, which over time acquired intoxicating power, a peculiar taste and aroma. This is how wine was born.
Persian legend about the origin of grapes and wine sounds like this:
One day, King Jamshid was enjoying the tranquility, resting under the shade of his tent and watching the archers being trained. Suddenly, a huge snake caught his attention. In her mouth, a large unknown bird was beating convulsively. The king ordered his archers to immediately kill the snake. With one well-aimed shot, the snake was hit in the head and died. The freed bird escaped from her mouth, flew up to the feet of King Jamshid, and from her beak dropped a few grains at his feet, which soon sprouted. Branched "trees", grown from grains, gave many fruits. The king was very fond of the juice of these fruits, but one day, when they brought him a slightly sour juice, the king became angry and ordered to take it out of sight. The servants did not pour out the juice, but carefully hid it. Several months have passed. The beautiful concubine, the favorite of the king, began to suffer from unbearable headaches and desired to poison herself. Finding a bottle of juice rejected by the king, the slave drank everything to the bottom. Naturally, she fell unconscious and, after long sleepless nights, slept for several days, and when she woke up, she felt healthy and full of strength. The news of the miraculous healing reached the ears of the king, and he proclaimed wine "royal medicine".
According to biblical legend, the vine was one of the first plants created by the almighty God. Squeezing the juice from grapes was invented by a man - Noah - just as eating meat was invented. The idea of planting a vine and squeezing the juice from its fruits was inspired by the behavior of a goat, which he released into the wild in Cilicia, near Mount Korikum. This goat, having eaten the fruits of wild grapes, became drunk and began to fight with other animals. Noah was so impressed by what he saw that he decided to plant and grow a vine on his own. He watered the seedlings with the blood of a lion (to “message a fortress”), the blood of a mystical lamb (to destroy wild properties in the berries), and then he gathered an excellent harvest and made wine.
ancient greek legend
Once, while hunting, the pagan god Dionysus saw a very beautiful satyr skillfully playing the shepherd's flute. The satyr's name was Ampelos. Ampelos liked Dionysus very much and became his devoted friend and companion. But one day Ampelos fell off a cliff and crashed. Dionysus was very worried, so he began to beg his father Zeus to return his friend's life. Zeus took pity and turned the dead satyr into a vine, which began to bear fruit, the taste of which was similar to the taste of nectar. The fruits contained the juice of the earth, born from sunlight, moisture and fire. Since that time, Dionysus began to travel the world and teach people to grow a vine, from the fruits of which one could make a divine drink - wine. On behalf of the satyr Ampelos, the Greek name for grapes appeared - ampelos, which gave its name to the science of grape varieties - ampelography. The branch of medical science that studies viticulture is called ampelotherapy.
Thracian legend
(Thrace - an ancient country, was located on the border of present-day Greece and Bulgaria). The Thracian legend of the origin of wine says: In one of the Thracian villages there lived an old dull, useless homeless goat. In the autumn, amazing changes took place with him: the goat began to jump merrily and playfully cling to passers-by. In this state, the goat was seen for some time, after which the goat again became dull. The peasants were interested in such changes in the mood of the goat, so they began to follow the animal. It soon became clear that the goat's mood changed for the better after he, wandering through the deserted vineyard, ate the crushed bunches of grapes left over from the harvest. As a rule, these were the bunches in which the grape juice had already fermented and turned into a kind of wine. It was from him that the goat got drunk, and his mood improved. People tried the fermented juice and for the first time felt the effect of alcohol. The goat was recognized as the discoverer of wine and people learned how to make wine.
GRAPE- uh then the borrowing from the Old Church Slavonic language is a tracing paper of the Gothic weinagards ( wine"wine", guards"city"). The original meaning is "garden".
Dozens, if not hundreds of myths and legends have been written about grapes by different peoples - more than about any other plant. One of the most popular is the Thracian legend: in one of the villages there lived an old dull, useless homeless goat. In the autumn, amazing changes took place with him: the goat began to jump merrily and playfully cling to passers-by.
The peasants were interested in the changes in the mood of the goat, so they began to follow him. It soon became clear that the goat's mood changed for the better after he ate the crushed bunches of grapes left over from the harvest, in which the grape juice had already fermented and turned into a kind of wine. It was from him that the goat got drunk, and his mood improved. People tried the fermented juice and for the first time felt the effect of alcohol. The goat was recognized as the discoverer of wine, and people learned how to make it
An ancient Slavic legend tells that the forbidden tree from paradise was not an apple tree, but a grape bush. Our ancestors, the Slavs, considered an intoxicating drink an essential attribute of love and family wealth. They claimed that it was Lada, the goddess of the hearth, who taught Kvasura, who later became the god of winemaking, how to prepare a sunny drink - surya.
Silver-haired Legina said:
Suritsa is boiled in a golden cauldron,
you take a drink, try Surits, but remember!
The first bowl, gives strength,
banishes pain, fatigue and weakness ...
The second bowl, gives fun and eternal youth,
banishes oppressive old age ...
The third bowl is superfluous for people,
it turns a man into an animal…”
"Santii of the Veda of Perun".
In Christian culture, the vine was an important symbol of spiritual life. In the Old Testament, grapes symbolized the Tree of Life, and wine is a symbol of the union concluded between God and mankind after the Flood and renewed by Jesus, who, in the form of wine, gave his blood to people before shedding it for people on the cross. The vine symbolizes Christ, who said: "I am the Vine, and you are the branches."
Grapes came to Ukraine much later - in the second half of the 17th century. I think that's exactly why Ukrainian there are practically no myths and legends about it, but in national traditions and rituals, grapes occupy a very prominent and honorable place.
In the view of the people, grape juice is God's blood, a vineyard is humanity, a separate vine is a country, a bunch of grapes is a family, and a berry is an individual person. Therefore, from time immemorial in Ukraine, there has been a respectful attitude towards grapes: its vine was sanctified on Palm Sunday, icons were decorated with towels - gods with grape motifs. Grape seeds could not be thrown on the ground so that no one stepped on them, they believed that it protects people from evil forces, gives young people love and marriage, and livestock - fertility.
In folk culture, grapes symbolize the family, the beauty and strength of family life, it is a symbol of fertility, prosperity, wealth and hard work. Gives the sick - health, men - strength, women - beauty. A grape garden is a life field where the husband is the sower, and the wife is obliged to grow and care for the family tree.
Wedding wreaths were woven from the vine, wedding bread, towels were decorated with its image, so that the family would always have prosperity and well-being. According to tradition, the bride was sprinkled with dried grapes, nuts, grains so that she would have children. They guessed at Ivan Kupala by the vine: they threw it into the fire, whoever jumps over it will have a quick wedding.
An old Ukrainian proverb says: “A wine berry is a marvelous food”, but not everyone can grow it, it requires a lot of hard work. This is stated in the old Ukrainian fairy tale "The Fox and the lazy Nekhaylo".
There lived a fox with cubs in the vineyard. In the spring, an owner named Nekhaylo came there, he sees - young grass has grown between the vines. He scratched his head: okay, tomorrow I'll come with a sickle, I'll cut all the grass. The cubs heard this, ran to their mother, hurried her, they must leave as soon as possible, otherwise they would all be lost. But the fox reassured them, she has been living here for a long time and knows this owner well, they do not need to be afraid of anything. A week passes, then another. He came to the Nekhaylo vineyard with a sickle, and the grass is already tall, you can’t take it with a sickle. He waved his hand, okay, I'll come tomorrow with a scythe and mow all the grass. The frightened fox cubs ran again to their mother, and again she calmed them down.
A couple of months passed, Nekhaylo came again, already with a scythe. I tried to mow, but the grass is tall, tough, the scythe does not take it in any way. I stood, Nekhaylo thought, but, okay, I'll burn all the weed. The foxes told their mother about it. But now we are running away, said the old fox, This he will do it.
Myths and legends.
Bulgaria.
According to scientists, Bulgaria (Thrace)- this is one of the first wine-producing countries in the world, in which wine began to be produced more than 4000 years ago, and besides, the most ancient processed gold in the history of mankind was discovered on its territory.
The Thracians went down in history as a brave, courageous, friendly and cheerful people. It was in Thrace that the cult of the god of the vine and fun was born.
In Thrace, there was a cult of a hero, a mythical horseman, a great merry fellow, a great winemaker and a warrior, bringing fun and joy to every home where he appears. His image was so popular that for some time the Thracians minted it on their gold coins.
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They say that once, in the 19th century, a young winemaker Dejan was presented with ancient Thracian coin depicting a horseman. The guest said that this coin was kept in their family for centuries and that it brings good luck and joy. At that time, Bulgaria was under the yoke of the Turkish yoke. The Turks destroyed the vineyards and forbade the production of wine. But whenever the Turkish soldiers came to cut down the vineyards, Dejan's farm happily avoided this misfortune. Deyan was sure that this was the merit of a wonderful coin and even made it the coat of arms of his household, placing the image of a coin with a horseman on the wines of "Zlata Bulgaria". Until now, the descendants of Dejan continue to delight people with wines with a rider of the brand<Злата България>and believe that they bring good luck. |
Wine Legends.
Here are the most famous legends about wine:
Thracian legend.
The peasants were interested in such changes in the mood of the goat, so they began to follow the animal. It soon became clear that the mood of the goat changed for the better after he, wandering through the deserted vineyard, ate the crushed bunches of grapes left over from the harvest. As a rule, these were the bunches in which the grape juice had already fermented and turned into a kind of wine.Here from him the goat got drunk and his mood improved.
People tried the fermented juice and for the first time felt the effect of alcohol. The goat was recognized as the discoverer of wine and people learned how to make wine.
Persian legend.
One day Persian king Jamshid, resting in the shade of his tent, watched the training of his archers.
From the rest of the king was distracted by the noise of a fight between a snake and a large bird, which was passing nearby. The bird was already suffocating in the mouth of a huge snake and was close to its death. The king ordered his archers to kill the snake. The bird freed itself from the mouth of the dead snake, flew up to the feet of the king and, as a token of gratitude, dropped several seeds from its beak in front of him, which soon sprouted. From grains grown vines yielding many fruits.
King Jamshid was very fond of the juice of these fruits, but it happened that one day a slightly sour juice was brought to the king. Jamshid got angry and ordered to carry him away. The servants hid the juice and soon forgot about it.
Ancient Greek legend.
One day while hunting pagan god Dionysus I saw a very beautiful satyr skillfully playing the shepherd's flute. The satyr's name was Ampelos. Ampelos liked Dionysus very much and became his devoted friend and companion.
But one day Ampelos fell off a cliff and crashed. Dionysus was very worried, so he began to beg his father Zeus to return his friend's life. Zeus took pity and turned the dead satyr into a vine, which began to bear fruit, the taste of which was similar to the taste of nectar. The fruits contained the juice of the earth, born from sunlight, moisture and fire.
Legends of the world about winemaking and wine.
The beginning of time.
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During the great migration of peoples to the territory, between the Aegean, Black and Marmara Seas, the Thracians came, sung in the Homeric Iliad as the brave warriors of King Rezos, an ally of the Trojans. They brought with them the cult of the god of wine Sevacios and gave the name to Thrace. It was here that winemaking first appeared. It is not surprising that later the Greek became the most revered deity in Thrace. God of viticulture and winemaking Dionysus, nicknamed Bacchus. He was the son of Zeus and Semele, born under rather dramatic circumstances. Once Semele, with the capriciousness characteristic of all pregnant women, desired to see Zeus in all his glory. |
Hera, the legal wife of Zeus, pursued the child for a long time. In particular, she sent madness on Athamas, the husband of Semele's sister, who raised Dionysus. Then Zeus gave his son to the nymphs from the Nisei valley, whom he later took to heaven and made the constellation Hyades.
Dionysus grew up found a vine and began to roam the world with a retinue of Bacchantes, satyrs and seleniums, teaching people how to make wine. Grateful mortals staged magnificent "dionysias" or bacchanalia in his honor. For refusing to participate in one of them, the Bacchantes tore to pieces the legendary Thracian singer Orpheus. But there was a time when his singing appeased the capricious Persephone and calmed the raging elements during the campaign of the Argonauts. But after the death of his beautiful wife, the poet renounced the ladies' caresses and other joys of life.
It was from the "Dionysius" that the theater eventually originated, and from the dithyrambs (praiseful hymns in honor of Dionysus, performed by singers dressed in goat skins) tragedy occurred - literally "the song of the goats."
Kvasura - Dionysus in Slavic.
Our ancestors are Slavs considered an intoxicating drink an essential attribute of love and family wealth. They claimed that it was Lada, the goddess of the hearth, who taught Kvasura, who later became the god of winemaking, how to prepare a sunny drink - surya.
Once, having come to him, she ordered to mix honey with water and put the mixture in the sun. Later, Kvasura gave the recipe to the progenitor of the Slavs, Bogumir, who was the first to make a sacrifice to Surya.
Vavila was a simple rural worker. Day and night he plowed the ground. It was for this occupation that Kvasura and Kitovras found him, who decided to expel the Greeks from Golun. “Play, Vavila, in the horn, in the ringing alternator, and Kvasura and Kitovras will be adapted!”, - said the cheerful hop gods - and Vavila, accustomed to holding exclusively plowshares in his hands, played the horn (stringed instrument, not to be confused with the modern pipe). His game was so wonderful that the gods took him to buffalo. According to their plan, Vavila was supposed to "outplay the king Dog and his son Pereguda."
On the way to the kingdom of the Dog-Sabazis, the liberators of the fatherland rewarded good people and punished the evil ones, thus explaining "what is good and what is bad." For example, they turned the linen of a cute girl into satin, and sent birds to the field of a rude farmer, who ate his crops.
Neither animals, nor plants, nor even the elements could resist the wonderful game of Vavila and his magical friends. It is not surprising that they easily outplayed Tsar Dog along with his son Pereguda and daughter Perekras and freed the glorious Golun. Since then, the buffoon Vavila became the new ruler of the city.
Alcohol International.
The alternative deities of alcoholic beverages among the Slavs were a married couple - Khmel and his missus Suritsa. Among the Slavs, Suritsa was revered as the solar goddess of joy and light. Apparently, this is where the name of the intoxicating drink comes from - surya (in other words - “drinking honey”).
With intoxicating fun, the Slavs had Yarilo. He was not a god, but our ancestors revered with no less piety. Cheerful beauties Yarilo personified spring fertility and sexual power. No wonder his cult, celebrated in the spring, turned out to be very tenacious.
Back in the 19th century in Belarus, there was a custom to seat a barefoot girl on a white horse (she played the role of Yarila) and dance around her. Rumors of atrocities and drunken robbery while serving the cult of Yarila in the lands of the Russian Empire even reached the royal throne.
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Names and functions of the Slavic gods surprisingly intertwined with similar deities of other peoples. So, ancient Indian myths tell us about Surya, the solar god, traveling across the sky on seven mares, whose manes are like the rays of the sun. Sometimes he was depicted as a bird or a flying hedgehog. He had a daughter - also Surya (it seems that the fantasy of the inhabitants of Ancient India was not very diverse). She was married to Soma, the god of the drink of the same name - soma. In Scandinavian mythology, there is Kvasir, a wise little man born from the saliva of the gods. Once vile dwarfs invited Kvasir to visit and killed him. His blood was mixed with bee honey and they prepared an intoxicating drink that gives wisdom and poetic inspiration - the honey of poetry. For the right to own this wonderful drink, fierce wars were fought in Scandinavian "Olympus". |
Science of Bacchus.
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And at the diametrically opposite end of the Earth, in America still unknown to Europeans, the Mayan people lived with their the god of wine - Akan. They were neighbors of the Aztecs, whose god of winemaking was Patecatl. They said about him that "he is from the country of medicines." Patecatl was the god of herbs and roots, from which they prepared a semblance of wine - off. The Aztecs saw Patecatl without fail with an ax and a shield, or with an agave leaf and a digging stick. He was married to Mayahuel, the goddess of the agave. It is from the "blue agave" (and not from the thorns of cacti, as is commonly believed) that tequila is prepared. Outwardly, agave looks like a large pineapple weighing more than 100 kg. The legend tells that about two hundred years ago, a farmer weeded blue agave beds and discovered a smoking crack. It turned into a volcano, whose height in a couple of weeks was 50 m, and in a year - 200 m. Obviously, therefore, it is believed that the best agave weighing 250 kg grows on the slopes of volcanoes. |
The progenitor of modern tequila was pulque. Ome Tochli was considered his god - one of the 400 children of Mayauel, who had exactly 400 breasts for them. The Aztecs only allowed pulque to be drunk four times a year.
An ancient Roman legend also called for knowing the measure. Once a local god of wine Bacchus picked up a plant he liked by the road. He decided at all costs to plant it in his garden. The day was hot, and the way home was not close. To prevent the sprout from withering, Bacchus placed it in the cavity of the eagle's bone. But soon the sprout began to develop actively, and the former shelter had to be replaced with a lion's bone. But even there the plant did not stale for a long time. A caring god found a more spacious dwelling for him - the bone of a donkey.
After a while, a beautiful grapevine grew from a sprout. vine with marvelous fruit. Of these, Bacchus made a drink and revealed to people wine. It turned out to have an incredible genetic memory. So, people who tasted it began to feel light, like an eagle soaring in the sky. Those who did not stop at drinking found the courage of a lion in themselves. Well, the one to whom this seemed not enough, as a result, turned into a stupid donkey.
Ruler of the wine spring.
If you want to forget about your own poverty, sell everything, buy wine with the proceeds and drink it. If you want to get rich, then take out a loan and open a liquor store. And at the same time, do not forget to pray to Sima Xiang-zhu. Such a simple recipe for wealth offers Chinese mythology.
In her Sima Xiang-zhu is the most authoritative god among wine merchants. His image is based on a real historical character - the poet Sima Xiang-zhu, who lived approximately in 179-117. BC. He was constantly tormented by vague thoughts of lack of money. Neither universal honor, nor recognition of his talent, nor even the caresses of his beautiful wife pleased him. To put an end to the unenviable financial situation, Sima Xiang-zhu decided to borrow money and open a wine shop.
After some time, he earned a huge fortune and an unforgettable memory. And after his death, he began to be considered the patron of not only wine merchants, but also all those who seek to get rich.
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In the Chinese pantheon, there is a strict division of responsibilities between the gods. If Sima Xiang-zhu is responsible for the successful sale of wine, then its production is guarded by Du Kang, who became famous for being the first to start making wine. Du Kang allegedly lived under the mythical sovereign Huang-di ("yellow ancestor"). Huangdi did not become the god of either winemakers or wine merchants. But he could well unite woodcutters, hunters and sailors under his patronage. After all, it was he who invented the ax, bow and arrows, helped people make a boat and even a bell. On his altar, gifts should have been brought to Calvin Klein, Mrs. Chanel and Mr. Versace, since none other than Huang-di made the first shoes and sewed the first clothes, inventing to divide them into men's and women's. |  |
But let's leave the couturier alone and return to the Chinese winemakers, who are convinced that the quality of their products depends on the water from which they were prepared.
No wonder one of Du Kang's nicknames sounds like Jiuquan taishou, that is "ruler of the wine spring". Some of the highest quality wines are from the Shandong province. It is here that the Shun Temple is located, and in it there is a spring named after Du Kang. The best wines were made from its water.
Du Kang died on a day under a cyclic sign "Yu". Since then, the cultivation of wine on such days is strictly prohibited.
Wine fraternity.
But the Irish have shown themselves to be a people who can not only make wine, but also protect it. To this end, they came up with clouracans, who are involved in the preservation of wine and beer in wine cellars.
Mythical old men frighten the servants who dared to steal the master's wine. But they themselves do not refuse to overturn a glass or two. After that, they saddle the sheep, shouting and tossing their hats. Klurakans resemble a mixture of brownies and gnomes. And they can be distinguished from wandering fairies by their red jackets. Like brownies, they are taken care of by the house, and if the owner decides to move, they accompany him, climbing into a barrel of wine. Like leprechaun gnomes, they know where treasures are buried and can show you the way if you befriend them. And, as you know, the easiest way to make an acquaintance is with a glass of good wine.
As you can see, human genius has gone far to justify its small weaknesses. The fantasy of our ancestors spawned numerous gods of winemaking and created legends about them, which allow us to get to know both the mentality of an individual people and the character of an entire era.