Ca po4 2 is the name of the substance. calcium phosphates. What are phosphates

The substance that appears in the classification table of food additives under the marking code number E 341 is a preservative that has antioxidant properties and is used as a leavening agent in food production.

Another name is applicable to this substance - calcium phosphates. The many qualities that E 341 possesses have made the additive very popular in many industries. It has found its application as an emulsifier, baking powder, and also a sealant.

The product is used as a stabilizer, acidity regulator and color fixer.

Origin: 2-synthetic;

Danger: extremely low level, almost zero;

Synonymous names: calcium phosphate, E341, calcium phosphate, E-341, Calcium phosphates, monocalcium phosphate, monocalcium orthophosphate.

general information

E341 is classified as an inorganic substance. The chemical formula is represented by such symbols - Ca 3 (PO 4) 2. An antioxidant is obtained as a result of synthesis. The raw materials for the production of E341 are minerals. They can be apatites, phosphorites, and also hydroxylapatites.

The process of obtaining the final product involves hydrothermal roasting of the original natural material, followed by the addition of hemihydrate phosphoric acid. The substance obtained as a result of certain chemical processes is a rather amorphous powder, which, as a rule, has a white color. It dissolves quite actively in acids, which cannot be said about water.

E341 has several subspecies. These are E341 (i), and also E341 (ii) and E341 (iii). They suggest different chemical formulas. E341 (i), which is a monosubstituted otrophosphate, is Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2. Disubstituted orthophosphate has a different formula - CaHPO 4. Ca 3 O 8 P 2 is the chemical formula of trisubstituted calcium orthophosphate. In various sectors of human life, all categories of E341 have found application.

Effect on the body

Harm

Numerous studies and tests that have been carried out on E341 have been going on for about 50 years. There is currently no solid evidence base to classify an additive as harmful to the body.

But the opinion about the dangers of E341 still exists. Some researchers prove the negative impact of the product on the gastrointestinal tract, the appearance of excess cholesterol in the body.

Benefit

Calcium orthophosphate is considered one of the main elements for the normal functioning of the body. He takes part in a number of important physiological processes. Such an important component as calcium assumes its existence in the body in the category of calcium phosphates. Of these, 70% are human bones. The enamel of the teeth also consists in the majority of this component. Calcium orthophosphate is the element that is most resistant to the influence of extracellular fluids.

Usage

The product labeled E341 is used in many sectors of the food industry. Most often, additives are used in the bakery industry, as well as in the manufacture of milk powder, breakfasts, namely dry, herbal teas are also dry, cream (dry), confectionery. It is added to processed cheeses as an emulsifying salt, and to condensed milk as an anti-crystallizer.

The composition of vegetable and fruit canned food also includes E341. The additive is also used in the alcoholic beverage industry, in the manufacture of other drinks (non-alcoholic), in particular, for athletes. Add it to meat and fish products.

Calcium orthophosphates are especially common in the preparation of animal feed. Do not do without E341 and manufacturers of various kinds of fertilizers. There is an additive in tooth powders, as well as in paste. Actively resort to the help of calcium phosphate in the ceramic industry, in the production of abrasive materials, glass.

Legislation

As an additive, E - 341 is legally allowed for use in various industries, including food, in many countries. Russia and Ukraine are no exception.

calcium phosphate, Phosphate Ca.

Chemical properties

An inorganic compound, a salt formed by Ca and phosphoric acid. Calcium Phosphate Formula: Ca3(PO4)2. Usually it is a colorless fine crystalline powder that is poorly soluble in water. When exposed to acids, the substance is converted into hydrophosphate . Molar mass of the compound = 310.2 grams per mole.

Obtaining Calcium Phosphate. The agent is widely distributed in the form of minerals in nature, found in phosphorite, hydroxyapatite and apatite. Contained in large quantities, literally forms the basis of teeth and bones in vertebrates. From a school chemistry course, one can recall the reaction of the formation of Calcium Phosphate from sodium phosphate And Ca chloride . As a result of the exchange reaction, the necessary substance precipitates.

The tool is used as the main source of calcium for feeding birds and livestock; added to the composition of phosphate rock to fertilize acidic soil; used in the manufacture of abrasives, ceramics and glass; used in the food industry; used in medicine.

pharmachologic effect

Source of calcium.

Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics

The element takes an active part in the processes osteogenesis and growth of bone tissue, in the processes of transmission of nerve impulses, in the mechanism of blood coagulation, contributes to the normal functioning of the heart and blood vessels, the musculoskeletal system. Calcium Phosphate is completely absorbed by the body.

Indications for use

• during periods of intensive growth and development of the skeleton in childhood;
• to protect and strengthen bones, teeth;
• patients who are intolerant to milk and dairy products;
• during treatment, periodontitis , dislocations and fractures of bones.

Contraindications

Means is contraindicated to reception:

• at hypercalciuria , hypercalcemia ;
• in patients with severe;
• children under 3 years old;
• when per substance.

Side effects

Calcium Phosphate is well tolerated by patients. Rarely may occur allergy , adverse reactions from the digestive tract.

Instructions for use (Method and dosage)

The drug is prescribed orally in combination with some other vitamins and minerals. The daily dosage depends on the dosage form, the age of the patient, the severity of the disease.

Overdose

Overdose may cause hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria . Treatment is symptomatic.

Interaction

Calcium phosphate may slow down the absorption of tetracyclines. It is recommended to observe a 3-hour interval between the use of these funds.

Calcium phosphate is found in large quantities in human bone tissue. It is abundant in milk and other dairy products. At the same time, it can be found on the list of harmful food additives under the number E341. How is this possible, is it really the same substance?

Complicating the problem is that the name "calcium phosphate" refers to at least three compounds. There are many names and terms adopted for them. Some names are more often used in chemistry, others in medicine, and others in the food industry. How they are related and how they differ, we will try to understand this article.

General information

calcium phosphate is salt formed by calcium and phosphoric acid. It is a white powder, odorless and tasteless, insoluble in water. It is found in human bones and teeth in the form of hydroxyapatite. About 70% of human bones are made up of this substance. Tooth enamel contains 96% hydroxyapatite.

Calcium phosphate is found in milk and some dairy products. Since it is insoluble, it is found in milk as microscopic suspended particles. It is associated with the milk protein casein and is partially included in its composition.

Used as an additive in the food industry E341. It is used as a baking powder, sealant, acidity regulator. However, this application is based not on the useful properties of the substance, but on technological ones. Water-insoluble powder structure products well.

This substance is obtained synthetically, from phosphate rock and phosphoric acid. Another method of obtaining is the treatment of slaked lime with phosphoric acid.

Varieties and their names

Calcium phosphate has three varieties, which have different chemical formulas and designations:

Chemical formula	chemical name	Technical names	Designation as a food additive	Where is it most commonly used?
Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2	Dihydro-phosphate	Monosubstituted phosphate	E341i	Like fertilizer. As part of biologically active additives (BAA)
CaHPO 4	hydrophosphate	disubstituted, dicalcium phosphate	E341ii	In medicine - toothpastes, dietary supplements. As a fertilizer in agriculture
Ca 3 (PO 4) 2	phosphate	Trisubstituted, tricalcium phosphate	E341iii	In animal husbandry as top dressing

All three of these substances are used as food additives. They all look about the same, they are white powders, insoluble in water. In an acidic environment, they, on the contrary, dissolve well, due to which they can be absorbed by humans. After all, the stomach contains hydrochloric acid, which creates high acidity.

Benefit

• Is a good source calcium required for bones. It is found in large quantities in milk and dairy products, along with the protein casein, with which it is well absorbed.
• Is the source phosphorus, which is needed for normal muscle function, is required for protein synthesis and performs many important functions in the body.
• It is part of tooth enamel and is therefore used in toothpastes. Mainly in the form dicalcium phosphateCaHPO 4. This substance is also a mild abrasive, that is, it allows you to gently clean plaque without damaging the enamel. Also in pastes, its close analogues glycerophosphate and hydroxyapatite are used.
• Prevents sticking and clumping of substances in the form of powders, that is, it is baking powder. Therefore, it is used as a food additive in the production of milk powder, cream powder, bakery products.
• It is used in the production of processed cheeses as an emulsifier.
• Used as mineral fertilizers in agriculture as a source of phosphorus. In particular, dihydrophosphate with the formula Ca (H 2 PO 4) 2 is the main component of such a fertilizer as superphosphate. A fertilizer precipitate consists of hydrophosphate with the formula CaHPO 4 .
• Included in combined animal feed. Most often in the form of tricalcium phosphate Ca 3 (PO 4) 2 .

Harm

Calcium phosphate is found in the body in large quantities, so it does not pose a great danger. At the same time, a table of harmful food additives has been circulated, in which the E341 additive is described as causing indigestion. What is it connected with?

In natural products such as milk, calcium phosphate is found along with other components that are easier to digest. If you consume a lot of products, where it is added artificially, it begins not to be absorbed, but to accumulate and slag the body. In this form, he is able to:

• Worsen the work of the gastrointestinal tract.
• Cause kidney failure and nephrolithiasis.
• Contribute to the formation of excess cholesterol.

An excess of phosphorus can be formed in the body when eating a large amount of meat products, especially sausages. Calcium phosphate is used as an antioxidant in the production of sausages, often in violation of technology and in too large quantities - to increase the volume and weight of the product.

Additive E341 is present in processed cheeses, margarine, flour-based dry mixes, milk powder and cream.

In addition, an excess of phosphates occurs with a passion for fast food and convenience foods.

Calcium phosphate is used as a biological supplement for calcium and phosphorus deficiency. Recommended for bone fractures, brittle nails. Used for diseases such as osteoporosis. Supplements containing this substance and its analogues are advised to be taken during pregnancy and lactation.

Included in drugs such as Phthision, osteogen n and many dietary supplements (for example, Camosten, Arthromil). The most commonly used is dicalcium phosphate. For the full assimilation of these supplements, you should follow the recommendations:

1. Best taken on an empty stomach, before meals.
2. Calcium is fully absorbed by the body in combination with vitamin D, so it is better to use preparations that contain this vitamin. If others are used, then vitamin D should be taken separately, 1-2 hours before taking calcium supplements.
3. Contraindications for admission - diseases of the parathyroid glands, urolithiasis, individual intolerance.

Analogues of calcium phosphate are hydroxyapatite and glycerophosphate (although they are somewhat more expensive). Also, citrate and carbonate of this metal are used as calcium supplements, which are well absorbed, but do not contain phosphorus. Calcium gluconate, popular as a source of this element, is a poorly absorbed drug.

Conclusion

Calcium phosphate is not harmful when taken with normal food. But products containing it as a dietary supplement E341 should be of concern. With frequent use of such products, excesses of this substance in the body can accumulate, which can cause indigestion and lead to kidney stones. In large quantities, phosphate slagging the body.

On the other hand, this substance is useful to take in the form of dietary supplements, especially if there are problems with the bones. It is also recommended for pregnant and lactating women.

General characteristics and receipt

Calcium phosphates are a group of salts of orthophosphoric acid. As food additives, one-, two- and three-substituted calcium orthophosphates are used, which differ in chemical formula. This difference determines the peculiarities of their use. Monosubstituted calcium orthophosphate is highly soluble in water, the other two salts are insoluble, but are well exposed to acids.

To obtain a substance from natural sources, phosphoric acid acts on calcium apatite or sulfuric acid on calcium phosphorite. Under the conditions of chemical production, E341 is obtained by the hydrolysis of calcium hydroorthophosphate or by the interaction of calcium hydroxide with phosphoric acid. The result is a white powder with small particles in the form of crystals or grains. Its peculiarity is that when heated, the ability to dissolve in water or other substances sharply decreases.

Purpose

Calcium phosphates regulate acidity due to their high ability to react with oxygen molecules, thereby preventing the oxidation of products. These substances are intended to improve the quality of flour and other bulk products (powdered sugar, salt, tea). E341 does not allow them to stick together into lumps and cake, loosens the structure, improves the quality of baked bread and flour confectionery.

The additive acts as an emulsifier in the manufacture of butter, margarine, processed cheese and ice cream. It is added to condensed milk to prevent crystallization. When added to alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, the substance stabilizes the color. For meat and fish, fruits and vegetables, E341 is used as a hardener and texturizer, an antioxidant so that products retain their color and shape and do not deteriorate longer.

Impact on the health of the human body: benefits and harms

The beneficial and harmful properties of E341 are based on the content of calcium salts in it, which, if they enter the body significantly, can harm health, and in a small amount can support.

The benefit of calcium salts is that they are part of calcium hydroxyapatite - a substance that is present in our body and is necessary for the strength of bone tissue, tooth enamel and skin elasticity. E341 improves the quality of the products that we use - bread, tea, salt, as well as meat, fish, pasta and confectionery.

The harm of E341 to the body is estimated presumably, since there is no scientific data on the effect of this substance on health. It is assumed that it can aggravate existing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and cholelithiasis, provoke the deposition of cholesterol plaques in the vessels.

Usage and application

The main application of E341 is the production of food and beverages. Calcium phosphates have a wide range of properties that can significantly improve the quality of products, extend the shelf life, and improve the appearance. The additive is present in bulk products that can caking, clumping, attracting unnecessary moisture: these are flour, salt, various types of tea and herbal teas, powdered sugar and cream powder, instant soup concentrates and breakfast cereals.

The emulsifying properties of E341 have found application in the manufacture of sterilized milk and cream, some types of cheese, butter and margarine. As an antioxidant and texture enhancer, it is used in meat, fish and fruit products. The additive is used as a color and consistency stabilizer in the production of alcoholic beverages, cider, various fruit syrups, nutritional drinks for athletes.

E341 is used in the manufacture of toothpaste. It is used in the production of pet food and livestock feed. The substance is part of mineral fertilizers, soft abrasives. Without it, the manufacture of glass and ceramics is not complete.

The maximum allowable use of E341 throughout the day, according to hygiene standards, is no more than 70 mg per kilogram of body weight.

Table. The content of the food additive E341 calcium phosphates in products according to SanPin 2.3.2.1293-03 dated 05/26/2008

food product	The maximum level of content of E341 in products
Milk sterilized
Concentrated milk with solids content less than 28%
Powdered and skimmed milk
Cream pasteurized and sterilized
Whipped cream and their analogues based on vegetable fat
Young cheeses
Processed cheeses and their analogues
Milk-based drinks chocolate and barley
Sour cream butter
Margarine sandwich
Ice cream (except milk and cream), popsicles
Desserts, including milk-based (ice cream)
Desserts, powdered dry mixes
Fruit products, glazed fruits
Potato processing products, including frozen, chilled and dried
Potatoes, pre-fried and frozen
Bakery and flour confectionery
Sugar confectionery
Powdered sugar
Chewing gum (E341iii only)	According to TI
Dry mixes based on flour with the addition of sugar, baking powder for baking muffins, cakes, pancakes, etc.
Pasta
Whipped batter, fermented batter, beaten egg mix for omelets, batter breading
Cereal products produced by extrusion technology, dry breakfasts
Dry powdered food products (E341iii only)
Specialty Foods
Meat products	5 g of added phosphate per 1 kg of raw meat
Raw fish and fillets
Frozen shellfish products
Minced fish "surimi"
Fish and shrimp paste
Frozen minced fish and products from it	5 g added phosphate per 1 kg
Canned shellfish	5 g of added phosphate per 1 kg of raw material
Dry egg products (melange, protein, yolk)
Soups and broths (concentrates)
Clouding agents for beverages
Specialized drinks for athletes, artificially mineralized soft drinks
Vegetable protein drinks
Alcoholic beverages
Cider (apple and pear)
Tea and herbal teas dry, instant
Salt and salt substitutes
Flavored syrups (decorative coatings) for milkshakes, ice cream, syrups for odadia, pancakes, Easter cakes
Glazes for meat and vegetable products
Biologically active food supplements	According to TI

Legislation

The use of E341 in products is regulated in Russia by the Sanitary Rules and Regulations (SanPin 2.3.2.1293-03 of 05/26/2008):

• clause 3.6.56 Hygienic regulations for the use of consistency stabilizers, emulsifiers, thickeners, texturizers and binding agents;
• clause 3.2.26 Hygienic regulations for the use of acids, bases and salts;
• Clause 3.7.15 Hygienic regulations for the use of bread and flour improvers;
• Clause 5.4.17 Nutrients (feeding) for yeast for use in the food industry.

The additive is approved for use in the EU countries, Ukraine, CIS countries. The American organization FDA classifies E341 as harmless, but the level of this substance in products must be indicated on the label.

For the benefits of calcium phosphate for dental health, see the video below.

One of the important nutritional supplements for the body is calcium phosphate, which corresponds to the symbol E341 and should moderately prevail in the daily diet. It is the active ingredient (mineral salt) of some medicines and pet foods, and is an insoluble compound in the form of a white powder. The unique properties of calcium phosphate are valuable for the human body, as they are responsible for the development and regeneration of musculoskeletal tissues.

What is calcium phosphate

Every body is in dire need of vitamins and minerals for normal life. Calcium phosphate is an inorganic compound (abrasive) that is actively used in agriculture as an effective mineral fertilizer. It is also an indispensable tool for cooking - it improves the quality of the dough, in the industry it serves as an emulsifier, a paint fixative. The substance is crystalline in structure, has a white color and a free-flowing appearance, is obtained from a mineral of natural origin. It dissolves in water if exposed to elevated temperatures.

The formation of the compound occurs under laboratory conditions. Calcium phosphate is part of the minerals phosphorite and apatite, dihydrates. The deposit is the earth's crust, and the surrounding nature has a number of sources for obtaining the future phosphate compound by laboratory methods. If we talk about the production of calcium orthophosphate, the aggregate is obtained by the interaction of a suspension of calcium hydroxide and phosphoric acid with further filtration, drying and grinding. The molecular formula of calcium phosphate is Ca3(PO4)2. Molar mass - 310.18 amu

This inorganic compound belongs to the indispensable components of agriculture, industry, cooking, mass production. It is required to be included in the composition of bait, mineral fertilizers for domestic animals and birds, for high-quality fertilizer of reduced soil acidity. In addition, the regular use of calcium phosphate is appropriate in the following areas of human life:

• production of glass and ceramics;
• raw materials for the production of phosphoric acid;
• fertilizer for acidic soils;
• stable color fixer;
• structural unit of complementary foods (feed dicalcium phosphate);
• building material for teeth, bones;
• raw materials for processed cheeses, emulsifying salt;
• component of dry, condensed milk;
• the process of preserving vegetables, fruits.

Phosphates in food

Doctors recommend that such a valuable component be moderately attributed to the daily diet in order to prevent a number of serious diseases, to improve the functioning of internal organs and systems. Therefore, it is required to regularly consume products containing phosphates, which provide a stable therapeutic, preventive effect in the body of each person. The name of such food ingredients is known to all, are presented below:

• hard cheeses;
• walnuts, peanuts;
• peas, legumes;
• almost all seafood;
• fish products;
• sunflower seeds;
• refined oils;
• sturgeon caviar;
• wheat germ.

Calcium phosphate in such foods does not pose a significant threat to human health. More to be feared is the chemical compounds obtained in the laboratory. The daily diet should be selected so that it was not only satisfying, but also balanced. Be sure to include calcium phosphate. The body equally needs calcium and phosphorus, as the basis of the musculoskeletal system, the ligamentous apparatus.

Food additive E341

It is allowed to use phosphates in food products, but moderately - harmful components are also present. The specified inorganic compound will adsorb into the organs of the gastrointestinal tract of the body, it is required to take it in strictly limited quantities. Food additive E341 can be used as a baking powder, food acidity regulator, antioxidant, thickener for individual dishes. Food phosphates can be used for the production of processed cheese, powdered and condensed milk, and cream. They bind the components of the dish, give it a uniform consistency.

Effect on the body E341

Calcium phosphate of technical production in the composition of dishes is better not to use, it is a raw material for agriculture and industry. But the intake of food additives is not prohibited in strictly metered portions. The effect on the body of E341 is positive in the formation and strengthening of bone tissue, for diseased teeth (prevents the process of enamel decomposition). Even in the composition of some antibiotics, this inorganic compound predominates, which under normal conditions does not dissolve, but enhances the overall therapeutic effect.

Harm of food additive E341

Since calcium phosphate does not dissolve in water, but precipitates to the bottom, its harm to human health is obvious. Very soon, a person suffers from slagging and excessive accumulation of salts in the body, which noticeably disrupts the functioning of internal organs and systems. The harm of the food additive E341 for adults and children is as follows: this mineral salt radically changes the composition of biological fluids, negatively affects the functioning of the digestive tract, contributes to the deposition of salts in the body, exacerbation of their accompanying diseases.

Video

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Calcium Phosphate

Calcium phosphate (orthophosphate) Ca3(PO4)2 is an inorganic substance, a salt of calcium and phosphoric acid.

Properties

Calcium orthophosphate is also called calcium phosphate. Calcium orthophosphate is a colorless crystalline substance. It exists in two modifications - α (monoclinic syngony) and β (hexagonal syngony). It is poorly soluble in water - 0.0025% (wt.) at 20 °C.

Under the action of acids, it transforms into more soluble hydrophosphates.

Being in nature

Calcium orthophosphate is widely distributed in nature. It is part of the minerals phosphorite, apatite, hydroxylapatite.

Biological role

It is the main building material for the bones and teeth of vertebrates.

Application

It is used as a source of calcium for feeding livestock and birds. As part of phosphate rock, it is used as a fertilizer for acidic soils. Used in the production of ceramics and glass, abrasives. It is the raw material for the production of phosphoric acid and phosphorus.

see also

• Calcium hydrogen phosphate
• calcium dihydrogen phosphate
• Phosphate fertilizers

Literature

• Duff reaction - Copper// Chemical encyclopedia in 5 volumes. - M.: Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1990. - T. 2. - 671 p.

dic.academic.ru

Calcium phosphate: properties and all characteristics

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It exists in the form of two polymorphic modifications: monoclinic and hexagonal.

Rice. 1. Calcium phosphate. Appearance.

The main characteristics of calcium phosphate are shown in the table below:

Getting calcium phosphate

Laboratory methods for obtaining calcium phosphate involve the action of phosphoric acid on calcium salts (1) or calcium hydroxide (2):

3CaCO3 + 2h4PO4 = Ca3(PO4)2 + 3CO2 + 3h3O (1);

3Ca(OH)2 + 2h4PO4 = Ca3(PO4)2 + 6h3O (2).

Calcium phosphate is a medium salt formed by a strong base - calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2) and a weak acid - orthophosphoric (h4PO4). Hydrolyzes in aqueous solution. Hydrolysis proceeds through the anion (theoretically, the second and third steps are possible). The presence of OH- anions indicates the alkaline nature of the medium.

First stage:

Ca3(PO4)2↔ 3Ca2+ + 2PO43-;

3Ca2+ + 2PO43- + HOH ↔ HPO42- + 3Ca2+ + OH-;

Ca3(PO4)2 + HOH ↔ CaHPO4 + Ca(OH)2.

Second step:

CaHPO4 ↔ Ca2+ + HPO42-;

Ca2+ + HPO42- + HOH ↔ h3PO4- + Ca2+ + OH-;

CaHPO4 + HOH ↔ Ca(h3PO4)2 + Ca(OH)2.

Third step:

Ca(h3PO4)2 ↔ Ca2+ + h3PO4-;

Ca2+ + h3PO4- + HOH ↔ h4PO4 + Ca2+ + OH-;

Ca(h3PO4)2 + HOH ↔ h4PO4 + Ca(OH)2.

For calcium phosphate, all the properties of salts are characteristic:

Interaction with strong mineral acids

Ca3(PO4)2 + 6HCl = 3CaCl2 + 2h4PO4;

Interaction with salts, as a result of which one of the reaction products is a water-insoluble compound

Ca3(PO4)2 + 3Li2SO4 = 2Li3PO4↓ + 3CaSO4;

Decomposition on heating

Ca3(PO4)2 = P2O5 + 3CaO.

Application of calcium phosphate

Calcium phosphate has found application as an additive in the production of feed for cattle and poultry. It is used in the production of mineral fertilizers, ceramics and glass. In the food industry, calcium phosphate is known as additive E341 - baking powder.

Examples of problem solving

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The formula of calcium phosphate in chemistry

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Chemical formula -

The molar mass is g/mol.

Physical Properties White or colorless crystalline solid, melts without decomposition.

Does not dissolve in water.

It does not form crystalline hydrates.

Chemical properties of calcium phosphate

• Interacts with mineral acids, for example:
• Calcium phosphate reacts with aluminum at a temperature of the order of, for example:

Receipt

The main methods for obtaining calcium phosphate are based on exchange reactions:

Application

Calcium phosphate is used as a source of calcium for feeding livestock and birds.

Used as a fertilizer for acidic soils.

Used in the manufacture of ceramics.

In inorganic synthesis, it is a feedstock for the production of phosphoric acid and phosphorus.